Beyond History and Memory: New Perspectives in Memory Studies- Marek Tamm (2013)
There is a tradition of criticizing memory studies:
Maier, ‘A Surfeit ofMemory?; Gedi and Elam, ‘Collective Memory: What is It?’; Klein, ‘On the Emergence of Memory’; Koselleck, ‘Gibt es ein
kollektives Gedächtnis?’; Berliner, ‘The Abuses of Memory’; Rosenfeld, ‘A Looming Crash or a Soft Landing?’
There is an emergence of cultural memory studies:
"The concept of cultural memory comprises that body of reusable texts, images, and rituals specific to each society in each epoch, whose “cultivation” serves to stabilize and convey that society’s self-image." - Aleida and Jan Assmann
Aleida Assmann distinguishes the three dimensions of memory called respectively neuronal (individual memory), social (stays alive for 80–100 years, on average, and is handed on biologically, via communication) and cultural memory (communicated with the help of material means, it is temporally unlimited, and signs and symbols are employed for handing it on). Cultural memory is divided into two as functional memory and storage memory: "In functional memory, unstructured, unconnected fragments of storage memory are invested with perspective and relevance; they enter into connections, configurations, compositions of meaning – a quality that is totally absent from storage memory.".
---Storage memory is the accumulation of pure and individual facts, which are not collectively subjectified yet. In a sense, it is the history in opposition to memory?---
--- AKP is using the storage memory (Ottoman past, independence war,...) in order to create different functional memories. The memory of July 15 is constructed via these functional memories after the incident.
"Cultural memory can thus be described as a “working memory” which is continuously performed by individuals and groups as they recollect the past selectively through various media and become involved in various forms of memorial activity, from narrating and reading to attending commemorative ceremonies or going on pilgrimages.’"
The relationship of history and memory:
f(x)= history (as/or) memory
"Halbwachs himself paid tribute to this traditional differentiation by opposing, in his treatment, collective memory as a social construct to history as an objective science"
"And the writing of history should be treated as one of the many media of cultural memory, such as novels, films, rituals or architecture."
Jan Assman and mnemohistory: "‘Unlike history proper, mnemohistory is concerned not with the past as such, but only with the past as it is remembered. It surveys the story-lines of tradition, the webs of intertextuality, the diachronic continuities and discontinuities of reading the past." --- GADAMER!
"The present is “haunted” by the past and the past is modeled, invented, reinvented, and reconstructed by the present"
François Hartog: "A presentist regime of historicity thus implies a new way of understanding time, an abandoning of the linear, causal and homogeneous conception of time characteristic of the previous, modernist regime of historicity."
Critic of linear time and Past as a modern invention:
"In a recent book, The Birth of the Past, Zachary Schiffman argues that the roots of this new apprehension go back to Renaissance humanism, but it took the Enlightenment and particularly Montesquieu to lay the foundation for a truly comprehensive vision of the past (as qualitatively separated from the present). This intellectual revolution is in many ways a prerequisite for modern historical research, or as Michel de Certeau puts it: ‘The writing ofhistory takes place within that gap yawning between the past and the present.’"
Maier, ‘A Surfeit ofMemory?; Gedi and Elam, ‘Collective Memory: What is It?’; Klein, ‘On the Emergence of Memory’; Koselleck, ‘Gibt es ein
kollektives Gedächtnis?’; Berliner, ‘The Abuses of Memory’; Rosenfeld, ‘A Looming Crash or a Soft Landing?’
There is an emergence of cultural memory studies:
"The concept of cultural memory comprises that body of reusable texts, images, and rituals specific to each society in each epoch, whose “cultivation” serves to stabilize and convey that society’s self-image." - Aleida and Jan Assmann
Aleida Assmann distinguishes the three dimensions of memory called respectively neuronal (individual memory), social (stays alive for 80–100 years, on average, and is handed on biologically, via communication) and cultural memory (communicated with the help of material means, it is temporally unlimited, and signs and symbols are employed for handing it on). Cultural memory is divided into two as functional memory and storage memory: "In functional memory, unstructured, unconnected fragments of storage memory are invested with perspective and relevance; they enter into connections, configurations, compositions of meaning – a quality that is totally absent from storage memory.".
---Storage memory is the accumulation of pure and individual facts, which are not collectively subjectified yet. In a sense, it is the history in opposition to memory?---
--- AKP is using the storage memory (Ottoman past, independence war,...) in order to create different functional memories. The memory of July 15 is constructed via these functional memories after the incident.
"Cultural memory can thus be described as a “working memory” which is continuously performed by individuals and groups as they recollect the past selectively through various media and become involved in various forms of memorial activity, from narrating and reading to attending commemorative ceremonies or going on pilgrimages.’"
The relationship of history and memory:
f(x)= history (as/or) memory
"Halbwachs himself paid tribute to this traditional differentiation by opposing, in his treatment, collective memory as a social construct to history as an objective science"
"And the writing of history should be treated as one of the many media of cultural memory, such as novels, films, rituals or architecture."
Jan Assman and mnemohistory: "‘Unlike history proper, mnemohistory is concerned not with the past as such, but only with the past as it is remembered. It surveys the story-lines of tradition, the webs of intertextuality, the diachronic continuities and discontinuities of reading the past." --- GADAMER!
"The present is “haunted” by the past and the past is modeled, invented, reinvented, and reconstructed by the present"
François Hartog: "A presentist regime of historicity thus implies a new way of understanding time, an abandoning of the linear, causal and homogeneous conception of time characteristic of the previous, modernist regime of historicity."
Critic of linear time and Past as a modern invention:
"In a recent book, The Birth of the Past, Zachary Schiffman argues that the roots of this new apprehension go back to Renaissance humanism, but it took the Enlightenment and particularly Montesquieu to lay the foundation for a truly comprehensive vision of the past (as qualitatively separated from the present). This intellectual revolution is in many ways a prerequisite for modern historical research, or as Michel de Certeau puts it: ‘The writing ofhistory takes place within that gap yawning between the past and the present.’"
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