Cast in stone: monuments, geography, and nationalism, Nuala Johnson (1995)
Johnson (1995) argues that monuments are an important but underutilized resource for the geographers working on national identities.
- Sir Arthur 'Bomber' Harris statute in London (1992)
- The Red Army Monument in Budapest
- "Unlike Sri Lanka where statues associated with
empire were removed and replaced with statues of nationalist leaders after independence
(Duncan, 1990), in Dublin both types of statue existed simultaneously, the
confrontational nature of Irish politics at the time was reflected in the statue building
on the streets of the capital and elsewhere (Johnson, 1994)."
"Particularly since the 19th century, public monuments have been the foci for
collective participation in the politics and public life of towns, cities, and states
(Agulhon, 1981; Mosse, 1975; Warner, 1985)." --- beginning of monuments?
"Today we have a huge academic literature proposing a
variety of definitions of the nation (for an overview see Hobsbawm, 1990) and
Anderson's (1983) assertion that it is an 'imagined community' has been generally
received as one of the most authoritative accounts"
- Schorske's (1979) compelling investigation of the redesign of the Ringstrasse in
19th-century Vienna under the liberals "as a visual expression of the values of a
social class"
- Mosse (1975) traces the various ways in which the masses were nationalized in Germany from the
Napoleonic wars to National Socialism.
- Harvey's (1979) brilliant study of the Basilica of the Sacre Coeur in Paris highlights
the contested political meaning of the site at Montmartre, where both conservatives
and communards could lay a symbolic claim.
"Wagner-Pacifini and Schwartz (1991) posit that "Memorial devices are not self-created;
they are conceived and built by those who wish to bring to consciousness
the events and people that others are inclined to forget" (page 382)."
modern vs true memory:
"Nora (1989) claims that with the demise of peasant society sites of memory have
replaced real environments of memory—"true memory, which has taken refuge in
gestures and habits, in skills passed down by unspoken traditions, in the body's
inherent self-knowledge, in unstudied reflexes and ingrained memories" (page 13) has
been replaced by modern memory which is self-conscious, historical, individual, and
archival.... new memories necessitate collective forgetting or amnesia (Anderson, 1983;
Hobsbawm, 1990)."
iddia: Statuary offers a way of understanding nation-building
which moves beyond top-down structural analyses to more dialectical conceptualisations
(for a critique of structural analyses of nationalism see MacLaughlin, 1986).
>>MacLaughlin J, 1986, "The political geography of nation-building and nationalism in social
sciences: structural vs dialectical accounts" Political Geography Quarterly 5 299-329
Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1995, volume 13, pages 51 -65
- Sir Arthur 'Bomber' Harris statute in London (1992)
- The Red Army Monument in Budapest
- "Unlike Sri Lanka where statues associated with
empire were removed and replaced with statues of nationalist leaders after independence
(Duncan, 1990), in Dublin both types of statue existed simultaneously, the
confrontational nature of Irish politics at the time was reflected in the statue building
on the streets of the capital and elsewhere (Johnson, 1994)."
"Particularly since the 19th century, public monuments have been the foci for
collective participation in the politics and public life of towns, cities, and states
(Agulhon, 1981; Mosse, 1975; Warner, 1985)." --- beginning of monuments?
"Today we have a huge academic literature proposing a
variety of definitions of the nation (for an overview see Hobsbawm, 1990) and
Anderson's (1983) assertion that it is an 'imagined community' has been generally
received as one of the most authoritative accounts"
- Schorske's (1979) compelling investigation of the redesign of the Ringstrasse in
19th-century Vienna under the liberals "as a visual expression of the values of a
social class"
- Mosse (1975) traces the various ways in which the masses were nationalized in Germany from the
Napoleonic wars to National Socialism.
- Harvey's (1979) brilliant study of the Basilica of the Sacre Coeur in Paris highlights
the contested political meaning of the site at Montmartre, where both conservatives
and communards could lay a symbolic claim.
"Wagner-Pacifini and Schwartz (1991) posit that "Memorial devices are not self-created;
they are conceived and built by those who wish to bring to consciousness
the events and people that others are inclined to forget" (page 382)."
modern vs true memory:
"Nora (1989) claims that with the demise of peasant society sites of memory have
replaced real environments of memory—"true memory, which has taken refuge in
gestures and habits, in skills passed down by unspoken traditions, in the body's
inherent self-knowledge, in unstudied reflexes and ingrained memories" (page 13) has
been replaced by modern memory which is self-conscious, historical, individual, and
archival.... new memories necessitate collective forgetting or amnesia (Anderson, 1983;
Hobsbawm, 1990)."
iddia: Statuary offers a way of understanding nation-building
which moves beyond top-down structural analyses to more dialectical conceptualisations
(for a critique of structural analyses of nationalism see MacLaughlin, 1986).
>>MacLaughlin J, 1986, "The political geography of nation-building and nationalism in social
sciences: structural vs dialectical accounts" Political Geography Quarterly 5 299-329
Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1995, volume 13, pages 51 -65
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